Gillette Marketing Strategies

Gillette is one of the most successful firms among men’s products, especially in the manufacture and sale of the shavers. This has been attributed to its superior marketing strategies (Kotler Keller, 2012, p. 534). The firm has been able to convince its customers that more razorblades are better for them. Its marketing strategies have been focused on its superior double and triple razorblades.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gillette Marketing Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has worked for the company because of a number of reasons. The first reason is the emotional appeal that Ottman (2011, p. 38) says is very important in a market that is very competitive. This firm has been able to achieve emotional appeal to its customers making it a unique product to different people based on the emotions it evokes (Eddie, 2010, p. 480). To a section of its customers, Gillette symbolizes efficiency i n shaving because of their argument that their triple blade shavers are three times more efficient than a standard shaver. To another section, Gillette is the ultimate product that can be used when one has limited time. A process that would take six minutes with a standard shaver takes only two minutes. This is so because of the double or triple blades in the shavers as explained in the commercials of this product. As shown in the case study, the marketing unit of Gillette knew that they had to convince their customers that their double blades and triple blades were more effective than the standard products in the market (Roedy Fisher, 2011, p. 68). The commercial for the triple blade shows a scenario where the three blades work closely in a single shave to ensure that there is no need for a repeat. As mentioned in the case study, Gillette has been able to convince customers that more razorblades are good. However, it is now time to focus on the future of the firm. The firm must be ready to determine the path that will be taken towards achieving future success. For this reason, there is need to determine the best approach that can keep this firm active in the market. The dynamism in the market shows that a firm must be able to change its marketing strategies to remain competitive.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The most probable focus should be an emphasis on the efficiency of a single blade. The marketing team should find a way of convincing the customers that although more is still good, each of the blades in the shavers have improved quality, making them more appropriate in shaving. This may help the firm to retain its competitiveness. Gillette has used some of the top celebrities in the world to endorse the brand, making it one of the most popular brands in male products. In fact, this brand has been considered one of the best brands in the marke t for several years among men’s product. It is important to note that the success of this firm in marketing men around the world using the celebrities is that it seeks to appeal to the emotions of the viewers. The marketing team has been engaged in extensive researches to identify some of the emotional appeals that the firm can use to attract the customers, and one such way of achieving this is to use celebrities (Ryan Jones, 2012, p. 89). When these celebrities engage in controversies that may tarnish their reputation, then it is important to note that the brand shall also be affected. This is so because the customers associate the celebrity with the products. Their admiration of the celebrity makes them admire the products that he or she endorses. When the celebrity’s fame turns into public hate, then that would be of negative consequences to the firm. Any time the name of the celebrity is mentioned will remind them of the product (Richards Jones, 2010, p. 310). Th e hatred that they develop towards the celebrity will also be reflected in the brand. It may be easy to assume that the impact may not be significant enough, but Kotler and Keller (2012, p. 532) warn that this may have devastating impact on a firm’s marketing message. A good example is the case of Tiger Woods and Gillette. For a very long time, Gillette has been using Tiger Woods to endorse its products. Tiger Woods was a respected family man and a top golfer known all over the world. His popularity did not just come out of his skills in golfing. People admired him as one of the top athletes who had stable families and respected their wives. It was on this basis that Gillette considered him an appropriate celebrity to endorse this product. As McLeish (2011, p. 59) says, it is always necessary to choose the best celebrity with as minimal controversies as possible, and this was what this firm was looking for when they settled on Tiger Woods. However, the recent controversy that led to the divorce between Woods and his wife over allegations of extramarital affairs has affected the message the firm was passing using this brand.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gillette Marketing Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People no longer see Woods as a perfect family man who is always determined to care for the family. The message that Gillette was trying to bring out using this celebrity was that a caring wife would buy her caring husband a Gillette 3. When it comes out that the ideal husband used in the advert is a cheat, then the message will be lost. Gillette has been successful in marketing for men, but it has always ignored the potential of marketing to women. Narrowing down the market focus is always important when defining the market segment that is the most appropriate to attract (Norzalita Norjaya, 2010, p. 81). However, many have been asking whether this firm may be in a pos ition to market successfully to women. This is a question that may not have a direct answer because no one can have a precise determination of the future market forces, and how the forces will affect the firm in the market. This means that it is not possible to specify whether Gillette will ever be able to market to the women or not. However, it is important to appreciate that in the current dynamic market, Gillette has not considered women as a potential target for its products. To this company, its products are still focused on offering maximum satisfaction to men in the market. This is the segment that Gillette still feels it can offer maximum satisfaction. As at now, the strategies of Gillette are still focused on appealing to men in the market. However, this may change if it realizes that women can also be part of the important market that its products should attract. To achieve success, there are a number of issues that this firm will need to embrace. It must develop superior marketing strategies that would help it retain the male customers as it seeks to attract female customers. It should ensure that its strategies are in line with the market needs. It must ensure that its adverts are constantly entertaining its audience as it has always been the case. Above all, it must be able to understand the changing marketing trends in the market and find ways of changing its marketing strategies in order to remain relevant in the market (Kotler Keller, 2012, p. 533). If the firm fails to achieve this, then it may not be possible to appeal to female customers. The stiff competition and the changing tastes and preferences among the female consumers in the market may pose a serious challenge to Gillette in its efforts to attract female customers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of the female consumers strongly believe that this product is meant for men that it may not be easy to convince them to believe that women also stand to benefit from superior of the products. However, the marketing team has the responsibility of ensuring that these female customers are convinced that they too have a share in this firm. However, Ottman (2011, p. 77) warns that in the process of attracting women, care should be taken to avoid a scenario where male customers may feel that their products or brand have been invaded by women. If this happens, they may consider switching allegiance to other brands. References Eddie, J. (2010). Usage, Self-Brand Connection, and Dilution, Journal of Marketing Research, 50(4), 477-488. Kotler, P. Keller, K. (2012). Marketing Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. McLeish, B. (2011). Successful marketing strategies for nonprofit organizations: Winning in the age of the elusive donor. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Norzalita, A. Norjay a, M. (2010). Analyzing the Brand Equity and Resonance of Banking Services: Malaysian Consumer Perspective, International Journal of Marketing Studies, 2(2), 180-185. Ottman, J. A. (2011). The new rules of green marketing: Strategies, tools, and inspiration for sustainable branding. Sheffield: Greenleaf Pub. Richards, K. Jones, E. (2010). Key Account Management: Adding Elements of Account Fit to an Integrative Theoretical Framework, Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 29(4), 305-320. Roedy, B. Fisher, D. (2011). What makes business rock: Building the world’s largest global networks. Hoboken Wiley. Ryan, D., Jones, C. (2012). Understanding digital marketing: Marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Philadelphia, PA: Kogan Page. This essay on Gillette Marketing Strategies was written and submitted by user Desiree Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Lean Manufacturing processes

Lean Manufacturing processes Brief history of Lean Henry Ford started to use the Lean Manufacturing idea in his automobile factory designed to produce a Model T automobile. His reference to the Lean System was a system where the processing does not wait for components from other stages. He thought of it as a continuous flow of value addition.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Lean Manufacturing: processes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Stages that were related were linked together (Lean Manufacturing: Working more efficiently, par. 8). The Lean theory was â€Å"first mentioned in the James Womack’s 1990 book, The Machine that changed the World† (Lean Manufacturing: Working more efficiently, par. 6). Ford’s process was inflexible. It produced the same product repeatedly, and the end product could not be modified (Duque and Cadavid 71). There was a lot of inventory which resulted in wasteful use of space. Production did n ot depend on consumer demand (Lean Manufacturing: Working more efficiently, par. 9). Taiichi Ohno of Toyota came up with the Just-In-Time (JIT) production system that eliminated the large inventories that Ford design had failed to address (Lean Manufacturing: Working more efficiently, par. 10). Stages in Lean Manufacturing The first stage in Lean Manufacturing is the identification of waste. In this stage, it is recognized wastes cannot be eliminated but they can be reduced. There will always be a more efficient method of production and running business. As a result of this, continuous improvement (Kaizen) is essential (Lean Manufacturing: Working more efficiently, par. 18). A value stream map (VSM) is used to identify processes that do not add value to the end product. The second stage is analyzing the waste and finding out its source. It involves finding where the waste originated. The third stage is developing a solution to reducing waste. Some of practices used to reduce waste a re JIT, Kanban system, zero defects, Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED), and 5S principles (Duque and Cadavid 78). After eliminating the perceived waste, the process goes back to the first stage of seeking to identify waste.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Toyota Production System (TPS) The TPS has been used by many organizations across the globe as the reference point when it comes to Lean Manufacturing. The TPS evolves within Toyota. It is learnt through participating in the development process (Liker and Morgan 6). Just-in-Time (JIT) in the TPS involves using Kanban to control the level of production. The Kanban displays the quantity needed in writing. Materials are moved from one task to another without interruption. The process ensures â€Å"the right parts to the right place and at the right time† (Liker and Morgan 7). The Kanban system reli es on what is needed in the stores. The TPS also uses a Jidoka system where machines are programmed to stop producing if they detect deviation from the standard size. It is also applied by employees who are required to pull a cord that lights a signal requesting for help. Assistance from a team leader is also expected to with less waiting in between, probably within seconds (Liker and Morgan 7). The Jidoka system is used to eliminate defects. The Heijunka (leveling) makes the production process smooth and continuous. Heijunka is also applied in new product development (Nepal, Yadav and Solanki 62). The TPS uses the Kaizen as a term for continuous improvement. It integrates maintenance into the normal process (Liker and Morgan 8). Kaizen is continuous improvement without causing delays. Kaizen also ensures that workers are involved in the improvement of their workstation. Mehri (23) elaborates that workers in the TPS are nurtured like in a family. Duque and Cadavid (74) explain that there are no â€Å"lean† layoffs. Criticism on the TPS The TPS system has been criticized for overlooking workers’ welfare. Mehri (24) claims that TPS has less concern about improving the lives of employees. It is more concerned about producing vehicles in the fastest way and at the lowest cost. Mehri (24) claims that utilization of minimal space is implemented at the expense of worker safety.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Lean Manufacturing: processes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are very many workers in a small space (Mehri 38). The system is also criticized for its operations being too quick for workers. Mehri claims that workers have to â€Å"work every second of every minute without break† (24). The Japanese TPS uses a system which disallows employee disagreement and confrontation known as Taternae. Mehri (24) criticizes TPS for relying on purchasing designs from outside th e organization. The TPS designers are known to compare designs to emerge with a superior one instead of modifying an existing design to reach desired level of performance. It leads to higher costs because multiple designs are purchased. The TPS engineers have accumulated deep knowledge on TPS but narrowed their view on what happens outside their system. The TPS practices a form of secretiveness about its technical knowledge (Mehri 28). Some of the Companies that have applied the Lean System General Electric (GE) In 2008, GE abandoned the concept of outsourcing to reduce costs. It is now focused on the Lean System. The company started by investment in human capital. Immelt claims that GE hired â€Å"more than 300 industrial designers, engineers, and salaried team members with new skills and expertise† (45). Recruiting and training workers are part of the Lean System. Continuous improvement requires companies to retain a certain level of technical skills. Successful application of the Lean System requires inspiration from the CEO (Sim and Chiang 97). The GE factory in Louisville has been applauded for reducing the time needed to manufacture a refrigerator by 68% and the working space by about 80% (Immelt 45). The refrigerator takes 9 hours to build in some factories. The main aim of the Lean System is to reduce costs while maintaining product quality. Overall labor efficiency has improved by 30%, and inventory has been reduced by more than 60%. GE has emerged as the largest producer of jet engines through managing efficiency. It services over 50,000 jet engines (Immelt 46). GE also managed to design a GeoSpring Hybrid water heater with lower energy consumption. It is retailing at a lower cost. It is expected to create more than 1,300 new jobs through the GeoSpring Hybrid water heater project (Roulo 54).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Louisville, GE has also applied cooperation between trade unions and the company. Cooperation is part of the Lean System. Immelt (45) reports that the workers’ union accepted a lower wage rate for new employees. Following the new agreement, GE was seeking 450 employees but received 6,000 applications within an hour. It shows attractiveness of the Lean System which promises continuous improvement and job security to workers. Wiremold In the 1990s, Wiremold CEO used the Lean System to reduce machine setup time from 14 hours to 6 minutes (Katz 38). Machine setup time is the time needed to alter a machine to start producing a different product or part. At first, employees thought that Art Byrne (former CEO) idea of reducing the setup time from 14 hours to less than 10 minutes was unachievable. They used the Kaizen concept (continuous improvement) and machine alteration to achieve the change (Katz 38). Byrne had knowledge about the Lean System and engineering which he used to a ssist the workers. Ariens Co. Ariens Company has adopted a pull production system. Katz explains that the â€Å"company’s plants now produce kits of components based on the next production line process† (40). Lean System emphasizes producing what the next stage actually needs. The company has reduced its inventory. It has reduced cycle times from a month to an hour. Sim and Chiang (106) acknowledge the adoption of Lean System into organizational culture for results. The CEO, Dan Ariens, started by incorporating Lean System into the organization’s culture. Financial Benefits In 2005, Toyota challenged the leading global automotive makers by promising to be the next largest car producer worldwide. It had profit that exceeded $10 billion. It reported a 15% annual growth rate. Its market capitalization exceeded the combination of GM, Ford, and DCX (Liker and Morgan 5). In the supply chain industry, Alcoa is reported to have saved $1.1 billion between 1998 and 2000 b y applying the Lean System (Lee et al. 974). Nabisco/Wegman Foods implementation of Lean System yielded an improvement in sales from 36% to 50% (Lee et al. 977). Supply chains have applied the customer-pull replenishment system among other Lean System principles. Jefferson Pilot that offers life insurance policy to its customers was able to reduce the time taken to be issued with an insurance cover by 50%. Labor costs declined by 26%, and redoing tasks reduced by 40%. Premium receipts indicated an increment of 60% (Lee et al. 979). The direction taken by Lean System The Lean System is headed towards a stage where organizations seek measurable attributes that indicate that the Lean System is actually productive. Productivity is enhanced by through the JIT system. It involves reducing order flow time, order lead time, and using pulling process to manage levels of production. The annual value that is channeled through customer-pull mechanism is analyzed (Duque and Cadavid 76). Communic ation is concentrated across the team than upwards towards the management. Frequencies of information updates are used to measure the use of information systems (Duque and Cadavid 76). The Lean System has been applied in the service sector such hospitals, and supply chains. Maslaton (16) identifies single piece flow, Kanban, Value Stream Mapping, JIT, overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) and 5S as some of Lean System tools that are applicable in the pharmaceutical industry. Conclusion Customer feedback is emerging as the most useful information in the Lean System. The TPS relies on consumer views to carry out its continuous improvement programs. GE developed a low cost and power efficient Geospring water heater. Roulo (54) reports that GE collected views from about 2,000 users between 2010 and 2011. Blank (68) discusses that there is no perfect plan, and continuous improvement relies on consumer expectations. Gregory (21) explains that Six Sigma is very effective in eliminating var iations in production. On the other hand, the Lean System is very effective in enhancing productivity. Organizations around the world are trying to combine both models to get their desired result. Blank, Steve. â€Å"Why the Lean Start-up Changes Everything.† Harvard Business Review May. 2013: 63-72. Print. Duque, Diego, and Leonardo Cadavid. â€Å"Lean Manufacturing Measurement: The Relationship between Lean Activities and Lean Metrics.† Estudios Gerenciales 23.105 (2007): 69-83. Print. Gregory, Annie. â€Å"A Lean Marriage.† Works Management Magazine Jun. 2008: 18-21. Print. Immelt, Jeffrey. â€Å"The CEO of General Electric on Sparkling an American manufacturing Renewal.† Harvard Business Review Mar. 2012: 43-46. Print. Katz, Jonathan. â€Å"The Lean CEO Effect: There’s a Difference between CEOs Who Engage in Lean and Those Who Simply Encourage It.† Industry Week Oct. 2012: 38-43. Print. Lean Manufacturing: working more efficiently 2013. Web. https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_44.htm. Lee, Sang, David Olson, Sang-Heui Lee, Taewon Hwang, and Matt Shin. â€Å"Entrepreneurial Applications of the Lean System Approach to Service Industries.† The Service Industries Journal 28.7 (2008): 973-987. Print. Liker, Jeffrey, and James Morgan. â€Å"The Toyota Way in Services: The Case of Lean Product Development,† Academy of Management Perspectives 2006: 5-20. Print. Maslaton, Rafi. â€Å"Lean Manufacturing: Which Lean Approaches and Tools are Best Suited for the Pharmaceutical Industry.† Pharmaceutical Processing 2012: 16- 19. Print. Mehri, Darius. â€Å"The Darker Side of Lean: An Insider’s Perspective on the realities of the Toyota Production System.† Academy of Management Perspectives (2006): 21- 42. Print. Nepal, Bimal, Om Yadav, and Rajesh Solanki. â€Å"Improving the NPD Process by Applying Lean Principles: A Case Study.† Engineering Management Journal 23.1 (2011): 52- 68. Print. Roulo, Candace. â€Å"GE Uses Lean Principles, Plumbers’ Input to Design, Build GeoSpring.† Contractor Magazine Mar. 2012: 53-54. Print. Sim, Khim, and Bea Chiang. â€Å"Lean Production Systems: Resistance, Success and Plateauing.† Review of Business n.d.: 97-110. Print.

Case Study for Human Resource Management Class Essay

Case Study for Human Resource Management Class - Essay Example Ron was also able to proceed with job analysis through the critical-incident technique. They were able to organize a meeting with the supervisors and they were able to come up with a conclusion. The only remaining aspect that they will need to look into is the type of validation strategy they needed to use. They had contradicting views on this matter. Ron believed that it criterion-related validity was appropriate while Bob chose content validity over the other. When Bob finished the evaluation of the agency's current staffing practices, the results tabulated in Exhibit 2.14 clearly depicts the presence of adverse impact. Using the 80 percent rule and by taking two sample groups which has the highest and lowest positions namely Blacks and Women, it shows that there is only 58.04% or less than four fifths of the selection come from the group with lowest rate. Even if there is no adverse impact evident on the selection process, it is still essential to evaluate other components for adverse impact. Aside from the standard 80 percent rule used to determine adverse selection, there are other issues that should be looked into the hiring process including the examination, interview and training of employees.

Included in the description Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Included in the description - Research Paper Example Also this exhibition was repeated in different cities in each country to different audiences and their reaction also recorded. Also the videos from each country were shown to the audiences from the other two countries and their responses also recorded. The outsider opinions were used to determine the cultural differences among pre-school learning processes in the three countries. This final video is a compilation of all those recordings. Constructivism Constructivism is a learning theory, which says that human beings make out meanings by way of the interaction between their behavioral characteristics and their experiences. This process is known to happen from infancy and hence constructivist approach in learning, puts at the pivotal point, child play. Child play is supposed to be the first step of cognitive development of an individual. Constructivist theory also suggests that there are two processes through which each individual makes meaning out of his/her experiences, namely, acco mmodation and assimilation. Assimilation is the process by which the child or individual absorbs certain new information and incorporates that into the pre-existing meaning structures in his/her mind. The new information just fits into the existing network. But in accommodation, the individual is confronted with a new meaning that is contradictory to his/her existing internal meaning structures. So the individual just reframes those structures so that the new information can be included without contradiction. The basic premise of this theory is the notion, learning by being actively involved in some activity. The constructivist approach demands active learners with care to be taken of the cultural background and individuality and also the role of teachers limited to being facilitators. The most constructivist classroom among the three is the Japanese classroom (Pre-school in Three Cultures). Here, the children are given the freedom to develop into active learners by blending their e xperiences with their own behavioral patterns. This is a major aspect of constructivist approach. The role of the teacher is very limited, again a constructivist theory-based approach. Even when a child misbehaves, he is not disciplined but is left with a choice to learn proper behavior from his fights with other kids (Pre-school in Three Cultures). The teaching method is solely activity based. In the morning, children exercise, then they are given interesting activities like coloring, and origami and during the playtime, they are left on their own to learn how to create friendship and handle difficult situations like a fight. In this manner, a totally free interaction of behavior and experience is facilitated which is the key concept in constructivist approach. By giving activity-based lessons, the children are motivated to find out their own potential. The situation in the school is a perfect balance between formal and informal learning so that there is optimal opportunity for cog nitive learning. The origami lessons are particularly helpful in motivating the children and also make them realize their hidden talent (Pre-school in Three Cultures). Whenever there is a problem for a child in doing an entrusted activity, individual attention is imparted to the child. This is also a practice in coherence with the principles of

Hybrid Brand Strategy Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hybrid Brand Strategy Report - Research Paper Example Horticultural products, therefore, demand quick marketing and a relatively short supply chain (Tollens et al. 2000). Branding has for a long time been known to be a rather effective instrument in creating consumer loyalty for new and existing products. A branded product has 65% chance of fetching high market in the prime market and 78% in restaurants (Brakus et al. 2009). For a product with a strong brand name, consumers tend to pull towards it. The low-grade horticultural products can be distributed to hotels and institutions (Sprott et al. 2009). There is, therefore, the need to develop a brand for horticultural products such as fruits and vegetables. This is because with the target market involving the five-star hotels, and prime shopping centers, having branded products is more profitable that having unbranded commodities (He et al. 2012). Auxiliary brand affiliation is characterized as interfacing a brand with some other business that may influence the production of new brand relationship with the organizations additionally impact existing affiliations (French & Smith 2013). It is more like a component of showcasing marking. Brand picture, brand mindfulness, and brand importance have their immediate effects on brand value. Brand affiliation transmits the value of different organizations to the brand in thought. Customers judge the brand esteem on the premise of brand components that are related straightforwardly and principally with the hidden item, for the case, physical highlights, bundling and hues, and instrumental qualities (Severi & Ling 2013). Be that as it may, these judgments can likewise be taking into account auxiliary or aberrant affiliations, which allude to affiliations identified with organizations instead of specifically associated with judge an item. These organizations incorporate different organiza tions, their nations of the root, circulation channels, representative, and brands (Chen 2001). The association of brand to the

Argument For And Against Anti Social Behaviour Criminology Essay

Argument For And Against Anti Social Behaviour Criminology Essay What are the main arguments for and against the use of Anti-Social Behaviour Orders? In this essay I will focus on the main arguments against Anti Social Behaviour order (ASBO). This essay will focus on statistic and examining whether or not ASBO been successful in punishing and deterring the criminal behaviour in society by looking at the official statistics of (Home Office 2007) and the effect of media on ASBO. I will first explore what actually anti social behaviour is and what ASBO are. The Anti Social Behaviour (ASBO) has actually been receiving too many attentions in Britain. People in Britain have not faced anything like this before and ASBO led to wider criticism. ASBO came under the crime and disorder act 1998 it is a community based order and that can apply for by the police or local authorities to young people whose behaviour is anti social that causing or likely to cause trouble in community. For many years the number of argument has arisen that the law enforcement agenci es were not enough supportive in dealing with groups of young badly behaved in Britain. The current interest in ASBO may be influenced by the popularity of a rights culture that is peoples right to behave how they like and others to behave they would expect them. It is very important that prevent the ASB from occurring in the first place for example according to the statists the young children like six years old and nine years old they starting to follow the older ones footsteps and start copying them as well as start smoking. When it comes to the positive side they do seem to work. Resident in areas affected by what viewed as yobbish and ASB have reported improvements in their neighbourhood when ASBOs have been issued to young people. In UK the British government has introduced a number of interventions to reduce the anti social behaviour this included the ASBO and the local curfew scheme (Newburn 2007). The ideas was to control youth crime in society with their behaviour that will cause or likely to cause problems. The local curfew schemes declare designated public spaces as places that young people cannot enter at certain times unless accompanied by an adult. According to the recent news a boy who is fourteen year old who was given an ASBO only for kicking footballs against the wall of a neighbours house. He has been forbidden to kick a football in his local area (BBC ). This is led to a demonization and criminalisation of youth and the evidence of the (BCS 2008) showed that youth crime has gone up rapidly. When you talk about the strain theory it suggest that the crime is the result of individuals being blocked in terms of mainstream society from reaching certain goals and under the consequent strain they seek deviant or criminal ways to reach those goals. According to the statistic of Home Office shows that the ASBO have been issued to people who had mental health problems there was an argument for that treatment would be more appropriate to people with m ental health problems. According to the date of home office that shows that young people who had mental problems and learning disabilities was given an ASBO in the UK. The survey of youth offending teams showed that the ASBO had a long term effect on young people and this is led to mental disorders problems includes depression, suicidal problems and personality disorder. ASBO is a considerable cost a lot of money to the state this is because ASBO has to be imposed in court by a magistrate and consequently police, prosecutors and lawyers time is required to prepare the cases and present the case in court this is wasting the governments time and their budgets. The statistics shows that the victims of ASB are often the elderly people, poor and the vulnerable young children. Breach of ASBO is a criminal offense and conviction may result imprisonment of five years. In general most of ASBOs are issued because of regarding the types of behaviour indicated earlier and there have been a inci dent where ASBO have been issued in more unusual circumstances and this led to argument for example in February in 2003 a 16 year old boy was banned from showing his tattoos and wearing a single golf glove this is led to criticism (Home Office 2008). The ASBO makes even more negative perceptions towards on young people in society and classing them as trouble makers in society and worsening relations between young people. Young peoples misbehaviour is becoming more extreme theorists argue that this is a moral panic more a matter of increased media coverage and a growing law and order political agenda (Homel 2005). Critics argue that these prioritise public order to the detriment of young peoples friendship and community networks their opportunities and their quality of life according to the human right everyone has right to live and ASBO as taken their civil liberties rights. Arguments against them include concerns that young peoples rights to anonymity are undermined if they are named and shamed that they demonise young people and unnecessarily bringing more teenagers into the criminal justice system and they stigmatise families (Newburn 2005). The ASB of a few damages the lives of the many it is argued on broken window theory. When there is a broken window and has not been fixed this will increase the number of graffiti and when cars are left abandoned this will affect the vandalism measures as a well as intimidating the elderly people and fear of crime will follow fear will go up and people will trapped at home all the time (Roberts 2005 ). One of the main arguments was that the wide of ASBO has led to discrimination and targeting certain groups of young people in society. According to the survey on young people and children that they havent had any knowledge of ASBO and they felt that ASBO is targeted towards them. Young people between 8 and 14 were ensure about behaviour that they should use to avoid in order to escape having measures used against them by police or local authority. Young people who commit anti social behaviour they are the most vulnerable in society because of their drug and alcohol addiction and mental problems young offenders institutions have argued that the transition from child to adult can be difficult in this situation rather than issue the ASBO to them young people need support to address and manage their behaviour (Smith 2003). According to the survey most of the young people when they been given an ASBO they did not that their behaviours was a anti social in society in this point the government have to educate the children and young people about the definitions of ASBO in schools. Because children take time to learn to abstract sense of right and wrong they may know that they will get into trouble if they behave in a certain way but abstract values develop as they mature into adults. If young children are labelled as criminal only because they have committed minor offences which they know that most of their friends do anyway they will start to believe that they are evil and should be put away or they will feel unfairly treated. A police officer is in the front line and c an have considerable influence on youthful misbehaviour. It is important for the police officer to discriminate between the average childish misdemeanour and the really anti social offender is not an easy task in any situation. Because over reaction to childish misdeeds limits the options for more serious misbehaviour. In todays society the ASB is becoming concerning therefore the government should be looking seriously to amend the laws in order to protect all the population. There is a media effect on ASBO and from TV news and from movies people are getting the wrong. Media plays important role here in my opinion media shows the criminal act and report them to the public in a negative way rather than report them in a positive way. One more importing thing as well as this if the media giving the news related to crime with fascination in this case the crime ratio of that specific crime will increase for example the news always report on ASBO and interviewing young children with them this likely to encourage the young children to become anti social in the community. According to the statistics and evidence the short term prison sentences doesnt work in terms of increasing someones behaviour and when the young children come out of prison it really could be worse. The ASBO may destroy welfare when it is being wrongly applied to vulnerable young children such as the children with mental problems, drug users and prostitutes (Slapper Kelly 2009). On the other hand ASBO may contradict to other social policy such as safety in a community. People mostly get confuse about ASBO that how they should be behave in order to avoid ASBO and most people dont know that what it actually prohibits and what it allows. People who really help like drug addicts e.g. ASBO bans those people with drug addicts , mental problems and instead of using rehabilitation centres and funding educational programs in community it is ridiculous to ban these people from things that they have been addi cted in.

Death Of A Salesman- Overview :: essays research papers

Death of a Salesman  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Crazy Willy Willy Loman is one of the most tragic heroes in American drama today. He has a problem differentiating reality from fantasy. No one has a perfect life. Everyone has conflicts that they must face sooner or later. The ways in which people deal with these personal conflicts can differ as much as the people themselves. Some insist on ignoring the problem as long as possible, while some attack the problem to get it out of the way. In the case of Willy in Arthur Miller’s, Death of a Salesman, the way he deals with his life as a general failure leads to very severe consequences. Willy never really faced his problems in fact in stead of confronting them he just escapes into the past, whether intentionally or not, to those happier childhood times where problems were scarce. He uses this escape as if it were a narcotic, and as the play progresses, we learns that it can be as dangerous as a drug, because of its ability to addict Willy, and it’s deadliness. Willy is like an impetuous child who uses dilutions to escape his problems. The first time Willy is seen reminiscing is when he encounters Biff after arriving home from work. The conversation between Willy and Linda reflects Willy’s disappointment in Biff, and what he has become, which is for the most part a bum. , Willy “Biff is a lazy bum';. After failing to deal adequately with his feelings, he hallucinates into a time when things were better for his family. It is not uncommon for one to think of better times at low points in their life. This is used as a defense mechanism so that they are able to deal with the problems they encounter, but Willy Loman takes it one step further. His refusal to accept reality is so strong that in his mind he is transported back in time to relive some of the happier days of his life. He gets taken back to a time when no one argued, a time when Willy and Linda were younger, the financial situation was less of a burden, and Biff and Happy e nthusiastically welcomed their father back home from a long road trip. Willy’s need for this “drug'; is satiated and he is reassured that everything will turn out okay, unfortunately for the Loman family things are not that simple.